Mattress Firm was founded in 1986. Over the next several years, Mattress Firm grew to new heights, with the addition of corporate owned and franchise owned stores. By 2002, the company owned and operated approximately 250 locations across the United States and was considered the second-largest independent retailer in the country. After raising about $105 million in an initial public offering in late 2011, the company bought Mattress Giant in 2012. As of December 4, 2013, the company operated and franchised approximately 1,300 stores primarily under the Mattress Firm name in 31 states.

Hampton & Rhodes and YuMe are private label mattresses exclusive to Mattress Firm.